Sentence type

Sentence type.

Well, in this topic we are going to learn about sentences type, but first of all we need to know, What a sentence is.


Sentence: A sentence is a group of word that have sense but itself.


A sentence shoul have:

• Subject.
• Verbal form.
• Object.
• Adverbials. (Times, places, mood, direction, reason, etc) .

Examples:


1. The students have finished the exam an hour ago.
                            Subject                                    verbal form                              object                               time 

There are 4 kind of sentence.

• Simple.
• Compound.
• Complex.
• Compound sentence.

• Simple:: A simple sentence, also called independent clause contains a subject and a verb.

Examples: (A subject is in blue and a verb is in red) 

• I  go to the bed every night.

• Julia dances with her boyfriend everyday. 

• Carlos drinks coffee at the morning. 

• Compound: A compound sentence should have 2 independent clause joined by a coordinating conjunction . (2 verbs).  ( Verbs are in blue and conjunction is in red) 

Examples: 

• Julia and Robert watch tv at night and Taty enjoys a delicious dinner. 

• My brother writes a gossip column in a newspaper  and My sister works with my cousin at the airport. 

Also, you can use other conjunction. (For, and nor, but, or, yet and so).

If you want, you can practice coordinating  conjunctions following this link. 

http://www.tolearnenglish.com/exercises/exercise-english-2/exercise-english-6041.php

• Complex: A complex sentence has an independent and a dependent clause joined by a subordinating conjunction. ( The subordinating conjunction is in red). 

Examples:

• A doctor need to study before he does an operation.
• A teacher must to prepare a class because he is going to teach a new topic.

It importan to practice subordinating conjunction for doing better sentence, follow this link and practice.
http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/330/grammar/subcon1.htm

• Compound- complex sentence: A compound-complex sentence has 2 independent clause + an independent clause. ( dependent clause are in blue and independent in red).

Examples:

• She wanted to go with me but She couldnt go out , because She didn´t have a nice dress. 
• They tried to understad but The teacher didn´t explain very well, because The teacher didn´t know anything about Math. 

          

A sentence could be affirmative, negative, interrogative, and exclamative.


Other important thing  for increasing our knowledge is to know type clauses. 


The clauses could be...

and these independent or dependent could be... 

Examples: 

I know an old man who went to the U.S. 

                                    relative clause.

The man with whom you were speaking is my boyfriend. 

                                                                relative clause.

Adverbial Clauses. 

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d3J_IByMenM&feature=player_embedded#!

Noun Clauses. 

 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oogy8KB1Mj0

The 8 parts of speech

1- The noun.

A noun is a word used to name a person, place, thing, or ideas.

Nouns may be classified as proper or common, abstract or concrete, and collective.

• Proper noun: A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place, or thing. Proper nouns are always capitalized. Examples: Naomi, Chicago, El Salvador, etc.

Examples: Naomi went to visit her parents to Canada.
               Chicago is a nice city that is located in the United Stated. 
               El Salvador is a beautiful country. 

• A common noun is a noun which does not the name a particular person, place or thing. common nouns are not capitalized: girl, country, city, garden, dog, cat,etc. 

Examples: 

• That girl was girfriend of my brother but, they broke up because my brother had other love.
• The country which my father visited last week, has an interesting history.

An abstract noun names a quality, a characteristic, an idea: a popularity, beauty, power, etc.

Examples:

• The beauty of  girl is exaggerated.
• The popularity of  the president is very  interesting.

A concrete noun names an object that can be perceived by the senses: book, rose, cathedral.


Examples:

• Those roses are for my mom 
• The cathedral of Santa Ana is wonderful.

A collective noun names a group: army, jury.

Examples:

• The army is ready for defending the security of the country.
• The jury determined that the thief who was stealing to my friend was guilty.

2- The pronoun.

A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun.

A pronoun may also take the place of another pronoun. 

there are several kinds of pronouns: personal (which includes the possesive and reflexive forms), relative, interrogative, demostrative and indefinite. 

Personal pronouns are: 

    
    Examples:

• I wrote a poem.
• You went to Mexico with your family.
• He bought a elephant for his cousin 
• She took driver lesson.
• it is a wonderful day.
• we are talking about policy 
• they are my friends.

Also, me, him,her, it, us, them.


Possessive form:

• my = mine. 
• you = yours.
• his
• her = hers.
• its.
• our = ours.
• their = theirs. 

Reflexive and intensive forms.

• myself.
• yourself.
• himself, herself.
• itself.
• ourselves .
• yourselves. 
• themselves.

Relative pronouns.

 Relative pronouns are used to introduce suberdinate clauses.

Examples:

• The book that you gave me was the one I wanted.
• The woman whose name is on the program is running for mayor.

Interrogative pronouns:

 Interrogative pronouns are used in questions.

who.

whom.

which.

what.

whose.

Demonstrative pronouns.

Demonstrative pronouns point out a particular person or thing. When they are used before nouns, they are considerated adjectives (these houses,that flag, those books).

This     these       that      those.

Commonly used indefinite pronouns.

Indefinite pronouns refer generally, not specifically, to person, places or things.

all                    either             more          one

anotherany      everybody     much          several

anybody          everyone       neither        some

anyone            everything     nobody       somebody

both                 few                none           someone 

each                 many             no one        such 

 3- The adjective.

An adjective is a word used to modify a noun a pronoun.

also an adjective describes qualities of the noun. 

Examples:

• Roxy is the woman who has brown hair. 
• Juan is that handsome man that is next to my friend.

4- The verb. 

A verb is a word that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a statement. The action can be physical or mental.

Examples: 

• The teacher explained the homework yesterday. 
• She hit her sister last month.

5- The adverb.

An adverb is a word used to modify a verb, an adjective or another adverb. 

There are adverb of manner, place, purpose, frequency and time.

The followig are some examples for each of them.

Of manner. 

Place: here, home, in out, there.

Purpose: so, so that, to, in order to, because, since.

Frequency: always, never, often, rarely, seldom, sometimes and usually. 

Time: already, finally, just, last, nex, now, etc. 

Examples: 

• He walked quickly to his job.
• I know she is very careful with secrets.

6- The Conjunction.
A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words.


There are 3 kinds of conjunctions: coordinating, correlative, and subordinating.

                                  Correlative conjunctions 

                                Subordinating conjunctions. 

  

7- The interjection. 
An interjection  is a word that expresses emotion and has no gramamatical relation to other words in the sentence. 

8- Preposition.A preposition is a word used to show the relationship of a noun pronoun to some eother word in the sentence.