The 8 parts of speech

1- The noun.

A noun is a word used to name a person, place, thing, or ideas.

Nouns may be classified as proper or common, abstract or concrete, and collective.

• Proper noun: A proper noun is the name of a particular person, place, or thing. Proper nouns are always capitalized. Examples: Naomi, Chicago, El Salvador, etc.

Examples: Naomi went to visit her parents to Canada.
               Chicago is a nice city that is located in the United Stated. 
               El Salvador is a beautiful country. 

• A common noun is a noun which does not the name a particular person, place or thing. common nouns are not capitalized: girl, country, city, garden, dog, cat,etc. 

Examples: 

• That girl was girfriend of my brother but, they broke up because my brother had other love.
• The country which my father visited last week, has an interesting history.

An abstract noun names a quality, a characteristic, an idea: a popularity, beauty, power, etc.

Examples:

• The beauty of  girl is exaggerated.
• The popularity of  the president is very  interesting.

A concrete noun names an object that can be perceived by the senses: book, rose, cathedral.


Examples:

• Those roses are for my mom 
• The cathedral of Santa Ana is wonderful.

A collective noun names a group: army, jury.

Examples:

• The army is ready for defending the security of the country.
• The jury determined that the thief who was stealing to my friend was guilty.

2- The pronoun.

A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun or of more than one noun.

A pronoun may also take the place of another pronoun. 

there are several kinds of pronouns: personal (which includes the possesive and reflexive forms), relative, interrogative, demostrative and indefinite. 

Personal pronouns are: 

    
    Examples:

• I wrote a poem.
• You went to Mexico with your family.
• He bought a elephant for his cousin 
• She took driver lesson.
• it is a wonderful day.
• we are talking about policy 
• they are my friends.

Also, me, him,her, it, us, them.


Possessive form:

• my = mine. 
• you = yours.
• his
• her = hers.
• its.
• our = ours.
• their = theirs. 

Reflexive and intensive forms.

• myself.
• yourself.
• himself, herself.
• itself.
• ourselves .
• yourselves. 
• themselves.

Relative pronouns.

 Relative pronouns are used to introduce suberdinate clauses.

Examples:

• The book that you gave me was the one I wanted.
• The woman whose name is on the program is running for mayor.

Interrogative pronouns:

 Interrogative pronouns are used in questions.

who.

whom.

which.

what.

whose.

Demonstrative pronouns.

Demonstrative pronouns point out a particular person or thing. When they are used before nouns, they are considerated adjectives (these houses,that flag, those books).

This     these       that      those.

Commonly used indefinite pronouns.

Indefinite pronouns refer generally, not specifically, to person, places or things.

all                    either             more          one

anotherany      everybody     much          several

anybody          everyone       neither        some

anyone            everything     nobody       somebody

both                 few                none           someone 

each                 many             no one        such 

 3- The adjective.

An adjective is a word used to modify a noun a pronoun.

also an adjective describes qualities of the noun. 

Examples:

• Roxy is the woman who has brown hair. 
• Juan is that handsome man that is next to my friend.

4- The verb. 

A verb is a word that expresses action or otherwise helps to make a statement. The action can be physical or mental.

Examples: 

• The teacher explained the homework yesterday. 
• She hit her sister last month.

5- The adverb.

An adverb is a word used to modify a verb, an adjective or another adverb. 

There are adverb of manner, place, purpose, frequency and time.

The followig are some examples for each of them.

Of manner. 

Place: here, home, in out, there.

Purpose: so, so that, to, in order to, because, since.

Frequency: always, never, often, rarely, seldom, sometimes and usually. 

Time: already, finally, just, last, nex, now, etc. 

Examples: 

• He walked quickly to his job.
• I know she is very careful with secrets.

6- The Conjunction.
A conjunction is a word that joins words or groups of words.


There are 3 kinds of conjunctions: coordinating, correlative, and subordinating.

                                  Correlative conjunctions 

                                Subordinating conjunctions. 

  

7- The interjection. 
An interjection  is a word that expresses emotion and has no gramamatical relation to other words in the sentence. 

8- Preposition.A preposition is a word used to show the relationship of a noun pronoun to some eother word in the sentence.